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Ayn Rand's Objectivism upholds reason as man's only means of knowledge
By Michael S. Berliner
Posted: October 10, 2007
October 10 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Ayn Rand's classic novel Atlas Shrugged.
Fourteen years in the making and vilified by reviewers at the time, Atlas Shrugged is now taught at major
universities throughout the United States and, at 140,000 copies annually, is selling more than ever before.
Its dramatic story is but one chapter in the dramatic life of Ayn Rand herself.
Born in Holy Mother Russia and educated under the Soviets, Ayn Rand became the quintessential American
writer and philosopher, upholding the supreme value of the individual's life on earth. She herself led a "rags
to riches" life and developed a philosophy of reason that validates the American spirit of achievement and
independence.
The story of Ayn Rand's life is, in the words of the Oscar-nominated documentary Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life:
"a life more compelling than fiction." She wrote her first fiction at age 8 and a year later decided to become a
writer: inspired by the hero of a children's story, who embodied "intelligence directed to a practical purpose,"
she had a "blinding picture" of people--not as they are but as they could be.
In high school and college, she discovered two figures whom she never ceased to admire: Victor Hugo, for
"the grandeur, the heroic scale, the plot inventiveness" of his stories, and Aristotle, as "the arch-realist and
the advocate of the validity of man's mind."
Escaping the tyranny and poverty of the U.S.S.R., she came to America in 1926, officially for a brief visit with
relatives. A chance meeting with her favorite American director, Cecil B. DeMille, resulted in jobs as a movie
extra and then a junior screenwriter. After periods of near-starvation, she sold her first play to Broadway and
her first novel, We the Living, set in the Soviet tyranny she had escaped. With her first best-seller, The
Fountainhead in 1943, she presented her ideal man, individualist architect Howard Roark. But it was, she
said, "only an overture" to her magnum opus, Atlas Shrugged in 1957, a mystery story about the role of the
mind in man's existence. With Atlas Shrugged her career as a fiction writer ended, but her career as a
philosopher had just begun.
Her philosophy -- Objectivism -- upholds objective reality (as opposed to supernaturalism), reason as man's
only means of knowledge (as opposed to faith or skepticism), free will (as opposed to determinism -- by
biology or environment), and an ethics of rational self-interest (as opposed to the sacrifice of oneself to others
or others to self). The only moral political system, she maintained, is laissez-faire capitalism (as opposed to
the collectivism of socialism, fascism, or the welfare state), because it recognizes the inalienable right of an
individual to act on the judgment of his own mind. Your life, she held, belongs to you and not to your country,
God or your neighbors.
Ayn Rand understood that to defend the individual she must penetrate to the root: his need to use reason to
survive. "I am not primarily an advocate of capitalism," she wrote in 1971, "but of egoism; and I am not
primarily an advocate of egoism, but of reason. If one recognizes the supremacy of reason and applies it
consistently, all the rest follows." This radical view put her at odds with conservatives, whom she vilified for
their attempts to base capitalism on faith and altruism. Advocating a government to protect the individual's
right to his property, she was not a liberal (or an anarchist). Advocating the indispensability of philosophy, she
was not a libertarian.
There is a reason that Atlas Shrugged placed second in a Library of Congress survey about most influential
books. There is a reason that her works are considered life-altering by so many readers, including top
businessmen and famous athletes. She had an exalted view of man and created inspiring fictional heroes.
A sui generis philosopher, who looked at the world anew, Ayn Rand has long puzzled the intellectual
establishment, which is unable to fathom that she was an individualist but not a subjectivist, an absolutist but
not a dogmatist. And they have thus ignored her original solutions to such seemingly intractable problems as
how to ground values in facts. But even in academia her ideas are finding more acceptance, e.g., university
fellowships and a subgroup within the American Philosophical Association to study Objectivism.
Through Atlas Shrugged and her other writings, Ayn Rand left a legacy in defense of reason and freedom that
serves as a guidepost for the American spirit -- especially pertinent today when America and what it stands
for are under assault.
### ### ###
Michael S. Berliner is co-chairman of the board of directors of the Ayn Rand Institute in Irvine, Calif.
By Michael S. Berliner
Posted: October 10, 2007
October 10 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Ayn Rand's classic novel Atlas Shrugged.
Fourteen years in the making and vilified by reviewers at the time, Atlas Shrugged is now taught at major
universities throughout the United States and, at 140,000 copies annually, is selling more than ever before.
Its dramatic story is but one chapter in the dramatic life of Ayn Rand herself.
Born in Holy Mother Russia and educated under the Soviets, Ayn Rand became the quintessential American
writer and philosopher, upholding the supreme value of the individual's life on earth. She herself led a "rags
to riches" life and developed a philosophy of reason that validates the American spirit of achievement and
independence.
The story of Ayn Rand's life is, in the words of the Oscar-nominated documentary Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life:
"a life more compelling than fiction." She wrote her first fiction at age 8 and a year later decided to become a
writer: inspired by the hero of a children's story, who embodied "intelligence directed to a practical purpose,"
she had a "blinding picture" of people--not as they are but as they could be.
In high school and college, she discovered two figures whom she never ceased to admire: Victor Hugo, for
"the grandeur, the heroic scale, the plot inventiveness" of his stories, and Aristotle, as "the arch-realist and
the advocate of the validity of man's mind."
Escaping the tyranny and poverty of the U.S.S.R., she came to America in 1926, officially for a brief visit with
relatives. A chance meeting with her favorite American director, Cecil B. DeMille, resulted in jobs as a movie
extra and then a junior screenwriter. After periods of near-starvation, she sold her first play to Broadway and
her first novel, We the Living, set in the Soviet tyranny she had escaped. With her first best-seller, The
Fountainhead in 1943, she presented her ideal man, individualist architect Howard Roark. But it was, she
said, "only an overture" to her magnum opus, Atlas Shrugged in 1957, a mystery story about the role of the
mind in man's existence. With Atlas Shrugged her career as a fiction writer ended, but her career as a
philosopher had just begun.
Her philosophy -- Objectivism -- upholds objective reality (as opposed to supernaturalism), reason as man's
only means of knowledge (as opposed to faith or skepticism), free will (as opposed to determinism -- by
biology or environment), and an ethics of rational self-interest (as opposed to the sacrifice of oneself to others
or others to self). The only moral political system, she maintained, is laissez-faire capitalism (as opposed to
the collectivism of socialism, fascism, or the welfare state), because it recognizes the inalienable right of an
individual to act on the judgment of his own mind. Your life, she held, belongs to you and not to your country,
God or your neighbors.
Ayn Rand understood that to defend the individual she must penetrate to the root: his need to use reason to
survive. "I am not primarily an advocate of capitalism," she wrote in 1971, "but of egoism; and I am not
primarily an advocate of egoism, but of reason. If one recognizes the supremacy of reason and applies it
consistently, all the rest follows." This radical view put her at odds with conservatives, whom she vilified for
their attempts to base capitalism on faith and altruism. Advocating a government to protect the individual's
right to his property, she was not a liberal (or an anarchist). Advocating the indispensability of philosophy, she
was not a libertarian.
There is a reason that Atlas Shrugged placed second in a Library of Congress survey about most influential
books. There is a reason that her works are considered life-altering by so many readers, including top
businessmen and famous athletes. She had an exalted view of man and created inspiring fictional heroes.
A sui generis philosopher, who looked at the world anew, Ayn Rand has long puzzled the intellectual
establishment, which is unable to fathom that she was an individualist but not a subjectivist, an absolutist but
not a dogmatist. And they have thus ignored her original solutions to such seemingly intractable problems as
how to ground values in facts. But even in academia her ideas are finding more acceptance, e.g., university
fellowships and a subgroup within the American Philosophical Association to study Objectivism.
Through Atlas Shrugged and her other writings, Ayn Rand left a legacy in defense of reason and freedom that
serves as a guidepost for the American spirit -- especially pertinent today when America and what it stands
for are under assault.
### ### ###
Michael S. Berliner is co-chairman of the board of directors of the Ayn Rand Institute in Irvine, Calif.
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